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Roman Italy
Roman Italy was created officially by the Roman Emperor Augustus with the Latin name ''Italia''. It was the first time in history that the Italian peninsula (from the Alps to the Ionian Sea) was united under the same name. In the year 292, the three islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily were added to Roman Italy by Emperor Diocletianus.
==Characteristics==
''Italy'' (''Italia'' in Latin and Italian) was the name of the administrative division of the Italian peninsula during the Roman era. It was not a province, but became the territory of the city of Rome, thus having a special status. Following the end of the Social War (91–88 BC), Rome had allowed its Italian allies (''socii'') full rights in Roman society and granted the Roman citizenship to all the Italic peoples.
After having been for centuries the heart of the Empire, from the 3rd century the government and the cultural center began to move eastward: first the Edict of Caracalla in 212 AD extended Roman citizenship to all free men within the imperial boundaries, then Christianity became the dominant religion during Constantine's reign (306–337) raising the power of other Eastern political centres, and finally the capital was moved to Constantinople in 330 AD.
As a result, Italy began to decline in favour of the provinces, which resulted in the division of the Empire into two administrative units in 395 AD: the Western Empire, with capital Mediolanum (Milan), and the Eastern Empire, with capital Byzantium (Constantinople). In 402 AD the capital of Roman Italy was moved to Ravenna from Milan, confirming the decadence of the city of Rome (that was sacked in 410 AD for the first time in seven centuries).
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